Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coating is generally an effective way to improve solar cell efficiency, because the destructive interference between the reflected and incident light can maximize the light transmission into the absorption layer. In this paper, we report the incident quantum efficiency η_in, not incident energy or power, as the evaluation function by the ant colony algorithm optimization method, which is a swarm-based optimization method. Also, SPCTRL2 is proposed to be incorporated for accurate optimization because the solar irradiance on a receiver plane is dependent on position, season, and time. Cities of Quito, Beijing and Moscow are selected for two- and three-layer antireflective coating optimization over λ = [300, 1100] nm and θ = [0°, 90°]. The η_in increases by 0.26%, 1.37% and 4.24% for the above 3 cities, respectively, compared with that calculated by other rigorous optimization algorithms methods, which is further verified by the effect of position and time dependent solar spectrum on the antireflective coating design.

taiwan1 In order to investigate the influence of different explosives type on the blasting effects, three kinds of explosives with the same quality were used to carry out blasting test on iron ore samples. The fractal dimension of surface crack and fragment size distribution of specimens were comparatively studied, and then the damage degree and blasting effects of specimens were quantitatively compared and evaluated. At the same time, the differences of blasting effects are analyzed theoretically from the angle of explosion stress wave superposition, energy release and energy transfer. The results show that: (1) Both loose charge and mixed charge will cause the uniformity of the explosion stress field distribution to deteriorate; (2) The greater the explosion heat, the greater the energy released after explosion; the higher the wave impedance matching, the higher the energy transfer efficiency after explosive explosion; (3) In the selection of explosives in blasting engineering, three parameters of explosive including density, explosion heat and detonation velocity should be considered; Explosives with a high degree of wave impedance matching and appropriate explosion heat should be selected so that the bulk and small pieces generated after blasting are less.