Abstract: Taking Qinling, Ann River lead-zinc mining area and ore dressing area as the research scope,through field investigation and sampling surface water and sediments,this paper tested 5 heavy metals' contents,including Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr,by atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS),and determined the form contents of the heavy metal.The enrichment and migration of heavy metals in surface water and sediments were analyzed to give the comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution degree.The results showed that:the surface water and sediments of mine channel had been seriously polluted,which the heavy metal elements accumulated from upstreatn to downstream.Heavy metal content in downstream was out of the range of field irrigation water quality.The pollution indexes of sediments in mid-downstream were Ⅲ grade,the main pollutants were Pb and Zn.In sediments,the available heavy metals had a higher proportion,which showed direct injection characteristics and caused direct threat to environment.